Oligospermia is the term used to describe a low sperm count. Normal sperm counts range from 50 to 100 million sperm per mL.  A person’s sperm count is classified as low if it is below 15 million sperm per mL. Most people don’t become aware of issues with their sperm count until they are struggling to conceive with their partner. However, there are some symptoms that may be associated with a low sperm count:

• Sexual dysfunction including a low sex drive, and/or erectile dysfunction,
• Pain and swelling of the testes or around them,
• Decrease facial or body hair, or other signs of hormone issues.

There are a variety of risk factors that can have a negative effect on your sperm count.

Lifestyle factors

Common lifestyle factors can contribute to a low sperm count such as obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, nicotine addiction, diets high in processed food, stress, and drug use. Jobs where people spend long periods of time sitting can be a risk factor.

Medical conditions

You may be more at risk of a low sperm count if you have a history of testicular injuries or conditions. There can also be a genetic component. Some possible causes are:

• Varicocele: an enlargement of the veins withing the scrotum causing blood to pool in the veins rather than circulating efficiently.
• Infections or inflammation: including of the epididymis or testes, and some sexually transmitted infections.
• Erection or ejaculation issues such as erectile dysfunction, or retrograde ejaculation where semen enters the bladder instead of out of the penis.
• Surgeries involving the male reproductive system, bladder, or inguinal hernia repair.
• Certain cancer, antifungal, antibiotic, ulcer, or hormone treatments/therapies.

Environmental factors

Reproductive health can be affected by exposure to certain environmental elements. For example, people may be at risk if they work with pesticides, herbicides, industrial solvents, or heavy metals like arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury. Excessive exposure to radiation from X-rays or other sources can be harmful.

With the availability of convenient at-home sperm count tests it’s never been easier to check your sperm count.

While infertility is often seen as the primary health concern associated with a low sperm count, it is important to look beyond this. Because of the link between someone’s fertility and their overall health there may be powerful insights in testing – even for those not looking to conceive.

Men with low sperm counts are more likely to be overweight, have high blood pressure, and cholesterol issues. A decreased sperm count could even be a signal of serious health issues someone may be experiencing including testicular cancer, prostate cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Testing at-home is a great option for those looking for answers, peace of mind, or just wanting to monitor their health and wellbeing.

If you get a low result, always see your doctor or a healthcare professional for diagnosis, advice and further testing.